NASA Has Developed Super-elastic Tires to Withstand the Rocky Terrain of Mars

Super-elastic Tire

A viable alternative to the pneumatic tire

Innovators at NASA's Glenn Research center have developed a game changing, non-pneumatic, compliant tire. This innovation, called the Superelastic Tire, was developed for future Mars missions, but is a viable alternative to pneumatic tires here on Earth.These tires offer footing superior to a customary pneumatic tire and diminishes the likelihood for cut, as indicated by its engineers at NASA.

Source: NASA

NASA has appeared a "superelastic tire" which can adjust to outsider situations, huh like the one found on Mars. The new wheel is a contrasting option to the pneumatic tires as of now fitted on the Mars Curiosity Rover. 

A standard check of the wanderer's six aluminum wheels uncovered that one had harm to its grousers. The grousers are the crisscross molded treads that reach out from each wheel, as indicated by Engadget. Interest has been on the red planet throughout the previous five years and is at present inspecting hills on the Murray arrangement and climbing Mount Sharp to survey the locales billion-year old atmosphere. In spite of hardware mishaps, it is as yet sending pictures en route. NASA predicts it can at present oversee 40 percent more life from its wheels.

Source: NASA

In the interim, the space organization is anticipating a tire change for future missions — created by both NASA Glenn and Goodyear; the flexible tires are propelled by "Apollo lunar tires" which utilize shape memory amalgams (essentially NiTi and its subordinates) that can withstand high strain on stack bearing parts. This implies the airless tires can deal with reversible strain and disfigurement, disposing of the likelihood of punter disappointments. Even better, it additionally helps the tire/wheel get together since it needn't bother with an internal casing.

"What's more, the utilization of shape memory combinations as outspread stiffeners, rather than springs, gives, much more, stack conveying potential and enhanced outline adaptability. This sort of consistent tire would take into account expanded travel speeds in rough terrain applications," composes NASA in a press articulation. 

Applications for the innovation incorporate All-territory vehicle tires, military vehicle tires, development vehicle tires, car tires, overwhelming gear tires, farming vehicle tires and airplane tires, as indicated by NASA. The tires won't be on the forthcoming Mars wanderer however could discover their way on maintained investigation vehicles later on.

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250 Trains Will Be Fitted with Rooftop Solar Panels in India

India is well on its way to achieve its promised additional 160 GW of wind and solar energy by investing in floating PV panels and solar trains.

India is installing photovoltaic panels all over the country at breakneck speed. The country is investing in solar in a variety of ways, some common and others that are slightly out of the box. India surprised the world at the Climate Change Conference in 2015, by promising it would add 160 gigawatts (GW) of wind and solar by 2022 to the existing 26 GW.

Available space may be a problem

One problem the country faces is a lack of available land for its planned massive solar farms. Floating farms might be the answer. According to Indian news sources, two floating solar panel projects are soon to be developed in India. The first will be in the state of Andhra Pradesh, the second in the state of Kerala. Floating solar farms are a solar array system on a structure that floats on water. Generally, they are floating on a natural lake or human constructed reservoir.

Floating solar panel systems have the ability to be more efficient than land-based systems due to the cooling effect of the water. The new plants that are being carried out by the Arka Renewable Energy College will be the largest floating photovoltaic (PV) facilities in India.

India invests in solar panel trains

India is willing to invest in an unusual solar power project as it races towards its solar power goals. As well as floating solar panel farms, the country has also invested huge amounts of money and resources into adding solar panels onto the roof of trains.

Indian Railways will install flexible solar panels onto the roof of 250 local trains. The power generated from the panels will be used to power lights and fans on board. The new train is hoped to save approximately 21,000 liters of diesel a year, that would normally be used to power the interior.

The move is in a larger government push to modernize the Indian train system and make it much more environmentally friendly. Each new train is fitted with 16 solar panels on each carriage as well as battery back-ups. The trains are expected to offset carbon emissions by nine tonnes a year.

Suresh Prabhu, India's Union railway minister, told local media that this is a “path-breaking leap” towards the grander goal of making India’s trains more environmentally sound. The trains are only the first of many steps to green up the whole rail network system. Other green investments include using solar power for train stations. “7,000 railway stations across the country will be fed with solar power as per the Indian Railways mission to implement 1,000 megawatts of solar power capacity," Indian Finance Minister Arun Jaitley told guests, at a union budgetary speech in February this year.

The whole world will be watching India as it continues to rely increasingly on solar for its energy needs. It will also serve as a learning example for other countries eager to make the move to renewable energy.

New Surgical Needle Can Send Real-Time Ultrasound Images to Surgeons

A diagram of a new needle                                                               NATURE

A collaboration between researchers at UCL and Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) has led to the development of a new optical ultrasound needle that allows heart tissue to be imaged in real-time during keyhole procedures. The new technology gives doctors a high resolution image of soft heart tissue up to 2.5 cm in front of the needle when inside the body. The needle has been successfully tested on surgery on pigs and has the potential to make surgery safer and more accurate. Currently doctors have to rely on preoperative imaging scans and external ultrasound probes to give help them visualize the soft tissues being operated in during keyhole surgery as the surgery incision hole is too small to allow for imaging equipment as well. The breakthrough of combining the imaging technology with the surgical tools is a game changer.

Source:  NATURE

High-frequency ultrasound imaging can provide exquisite visualizations of tissue to guide minimally invasive procedures. Here, we demonstrate that an all-optical ultrasound transducer, through which light guided by optical fibers is used to generate and receive ultrasound, is suitable for real-time invasive medical imaging in vivo. Broad-bandwidth ultrasound generation was achieved through the photoacoustic excitation of a multiwalled carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane composite coating on the distal end of a 300-μm multi-mode optical fiber by a pulsed laser. The interrogation of a high-finesse Fabry–Pérot cavity on a single-mode optical fiber by a wavelength-tunable continuous-wave laser was applied for ultrasound reception. This transducer was integrated within a custom inner transseptal needle (diameter 1.08 mm; length 78 cm) that included a metallic septum to acoustically isolate the two optical fibers. The use of this needle within the beating heart of a pig provided unprecedented real-time views (50 Hz scan rate) of cardiac tissue (depth: 2.5 cm; axial resolution: 64 μm) and revealed the critical anatomical structures required to safely perform a transseptal crossing: the right and left atrial walls, the right atrial appendage, and the limbus fossae ovalis. This new paradigm will allow ultrasound imaging to be integrated into a broad range of minimally invasive devices in different clinical contexts.

The study has been published in Light: Science & Applications. Dr Malcolm Finlay

AIRSPACE by Airbus

Large Space  Photography: Airbus

Design-to-perform. There is a craft to creating aircraft and it begins with the Airbus design philosophy of “Passenger at heart, airline in mind”.

An innovative new concept in jetliner cabins was launched this week with the “Airspace by Airbus” brand, bringing together an enhanced experience for passengers and optimum performance for airlines based on four dimensions: comfort, ambience, service and design.
Introduced with Airbus’ widebody A330neo (new engine option) version – and incorporated on the A350 XWB – Airspace cabins offer a more relaxing, inspiring, attractive and functional environment for travellers and optimises the use of cabin space for operators. 
Kiran Rao, the Executive Vice President of Marketing & Strategy, said Airspace continues Airbus’ non-stop innovation and furthers the company’s leadership in providing cabin comfort excellence – applying advanced cabin technologies developed for its recent programmes. 
“The A380 already offers the best comfort of any aircraft, and the A320 is the top in its single-aisle category,” he explained. “Airspace is another step forward, reflecting our decision to bring consistency on our two best-selling wide-body aircraft: the A350 XWB and A330neo.”
Signature design elements recognizable throughout all Airspace cabins include wider seats; larger overhead storage bins; spacious, contemporary lavatories with antibacterial surfaces; along with unobstructed under-seat foot space. Other features are a unique and customization welcome area at the main passenger boarding door, the latest in LED technology for ambient lighting, as well as clean shapes and surfaces throughout the interior.

Best Cabin  Photography: Airbus

Features for operators include a range of new galley/lavatory options such as modular Space-Flex to maximize trolley capacity, wheelchair-accessible lavatory configurations to suit individual airline requirements, and freeing up of main deck space to allow for additional seating.

Tesla Semi Truck

The Tesla CEO makes an entrance in the company's latest electric vehicle, the Semi, at a launch event in Hawthorne, California. After driving into the arena, he asked the audience to look at the trucks for a moment. The goods vehicles are expected to start production in 2019.

Tesla Roadster – 2nd Generation Debuts; 0-97 km/h in 1.9 seconds, 402 km/h top speed, 998 km range

The Tesla Roadster is an all-electric battery-powered four-seater sports car from Tesla, Inc. It was announced in November 2017 that it would be the fastest accelerating production car ever made.

Tesla announced a new version of its very first car, the
Roadster, turning it into an electric super-car described as a “hardcore
smackdown to gasoline cars” by company founder Elon Musk.

The new sports car was unveiled alongside Tesla’s new electric truck, and
promises to wow drivers with some extraordinary statistics that make it look
like a Top Trumps card turned into an electrified reality.

Here’s everything we
know about the new Tesla Roadster.

1. Zero to 60 in 1.9 seconds

The Roadster could be the quickest production car ever to hit 60 mph. Photograph: Tesla

Elon Musk said prototypes of the “base model” are able to hit 60mph
from a standstill in 1.9 seconds and that a production version of the car may
be able to accelerate even faster.That’s a full 0.4 seconds faster to 60mph than the current fastest Tesla, the Model S P100D, in the so-called ludicrous plus mode, which hits 60mph in 2.3 seconds. But it would also be faster than any current production car, with the performance hybrid Porsche 918 Spyder the current king with a 0-60mph time of 2.2 seconds. The fastest 0-60 mph time ever recorded was 1.5 seconds by the AMZ Grimsel Electric Race Car.

2. Zero to 100 in 4.2 seconds

The Roadster will hit 100mph faster than most sports cars hit 60mph. Photograph: Tesla

If hitting 60mph in 1.9 seconds wasn’t enough, Tesla reckons the
Roadster will be able to reach 100mph from a standstill in 4.2 seconds and go
on to do a quarter-of-a-mile time of 8.9 seconds, should Vin Diesel ever come
calling.

3.A top speed of 250 mph

 The Roadster will hit 402 km/h top speed.. Photograph: Tesla

The Roadster at its unveiling. 

Elon Musk proudly proclaimed that the Roadster will have a top speed
of over 250mph, if you can find a straight long enough. The current record for
top speed for a production car is the Koenigsegg Agera RS, which reached a speed of 277.87mph on 4 November, in Pahrump, Nevada.

4. It can do 630 miles between charge

A prototype Roader’s steering wheel and central display.Photograph:Tesla

As if record-breaking acceleration wasn’t enough, Musk said that the Roadster should be able to drive around 630 miles of motorway driving between charges with a 200kWh battery. The current top-rated distance for the Model S 100D at 55mph, at 20 Celsius, is 424 miles.

   5. Four humans (of different sizes) will fit in it

Two people in the front, two small people in the back. Photograph:Tesla

   6. It’ll cost you $200,000

Deliveries are scheduled for 2020 and not expected to begin before the Tesla Model Y launches. Elon Musk stated that the Roadster would be the quickest vehicle in the Tesla lineup, with a new acceleration mode called "Maximum Plaid", beyond the previously released Insane Mode and Ludicrous Mode acceleration modes found in the performance model versions of the Tesla Model S and Tesla Model X.

The 2020-era Roadster was designed by Franz Von Holzhausen.

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DIY HEARTBEAT SENSOR

Heart rate💓💓 is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute (bpm).

When the heart beat detector is working, the beat LED flashes in synchronously with each heart beat. This digital output can be connected to micro-controller directly to measure the Beats Per Minute (BPM) rate.

It works on the principle of light modulation (Light to voltage converter) by blood flow through finger at each pulse.

Main Component it uses is Proximity Sensor.

This project demonstrates a technique to measure the heartbeat by sensing the change in blood volume in a finger artery while the heart is pumping blood . It consists of an infrared LED (Light emitting diode) that transmit an IR signal through the fingertip of the subject, a part of which is reflected by the blood cells.

The reflected signal is detected by photo diode sensor. The changing blood volume with Heart beat results in a train of pulses at the output of photo diode.

This type of sensors are already used commercially in mobile phones like Samsung Galaxy ALPHA, Galaxy S5 etc.